| Global Cost of Living Rank |
| CIA Background Information |
The Mongols gained fame in the 13th century when under Chinggis KHAN they conquered a huge Eurasian empire. After his death the empire was divided into several powerful Mongol states, but these broke apart in the 14th century. The Mongols eventually retired to their original steppe homelands and in the late 17th century came under Chinese rule. Mongolia won its independence in 1921 with Soviet backing. A Communist regime was installed in 1924. Following a peaceful democratic revolution, the ex-Communist Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP) won elections in 1990 and 1992, but was defeated by the Democratic Union Coalition (DUC) in the 1996 parliamentary election. Since then, parliamentary elections returned the MPRP overwhelmingly to power in 2000, but 2004 elections reduced MPRP representation and, therefore, its authority.
| U.S. State Department Description |
Country Description:
Mongolia is a vast country of mountains, lakes, deserts and grasslands approximately the size of Alaska. It peacefully abandoned its communist system in 1990 and has been successfully making the transition to a parliamentary democracy. Economic reforms continue, although the country’s development will depend on considerable infrastructure investment, particularly in the mining, energy, transportation, and communication sectors. Travelers to Mongolia should be aware that shortcomings in these areas might have an impact on travel plans. Read the Department of State Background Notes
on Mongolia for additional information.
ENTRY/EXIT REQUIREMENTS: A valid ... Read this Article
People
Nationality: Noun and adjective--Mongolian(s).
Population (2008 est.): 2.9 million.
Annual growth rate (2007): 1.5%.
Health (2007): Infant mortality rate--41/1000 (under one year). Life expectancy--67 yrs.
Ethnic groups (2004): 85% Mongol (predominantly Khalkha); 7% Turkic (largest group, Kazakh); 4.6% Tungusic; and 3.4% others, including Chinese and Russian.
Languages: Mongolian, Kazakh, Russian, and English.
Religions: Tibetan Buddhist Lamaism 90%, Muslim 6% (primarily ... Read this Article
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Location: Mongolia is Northern Asia, between China and Russia See Map
Capital: name: Ulaanbaatar
geographic coordinates: 47 55 N, 106 55 E
time difference: UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Currency (Code): togrog/tugrik (MNT) ...More
Area: total: 1,564,116 sq km , land: 1,554,731 sq km , water: 9,385 sq km ( 1 sq km is approximately 0.4 sq miles or 250 acres)
Area Comparison: slightly smaller than Alaska
Elevation Extremes: lowest point: Hoh Nuur 518 m , highest point: Nayramadlin Orgil (Huyten Orgil) 4,374 m (1 meter = 3.28 feet)
Population: 2,996,081 (July 2008 est.)
Unemployment: 3% (2007)
Ethnic Groups: Mongol (mostly Khalkha) 94.9%, Turkic (mostly Kazakh) 5%, other (including Chinese and Russian) 0.1% (2000)
Religion: Buddhist Lamaist 50%, Shamanist and Christian 6%, Muslim 4%, none 40% (2004)
Languages: Khalkha Mongol 90%, Turkic, Russian (1999)
More Statistics
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| History
In 1206 AD, a single Mongolian state was formed based on nomadic tribal groupings under the leadership of Chinggis ("Genghis") Khan. He and his immediate successors conquered nearly all of Asia and European Russia and sent armies as far as central Europe and Southeast Asia. Chinggis Khan's grandson Kublai Khan, ... Read this Article
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| Geographic Info for Mongolia : |
Geography
Area: 1,566,500 sq. km. (604,103 sq. mi.); slightly larger than Alaska (land boundaries 8,114 km.).
Terrain: Almost 90% of land area is pasture or desert, of varying usefulness; 1% arable; 9% forested.
Climate: Continental, with little precipitation and sharp seasonal fluctuations.
People
Nationality: Noun and adjective--Mongolian(s).
Population (2008 est.): 2.9 million.
Annual growth rate (2007): 1.5%.
Health (2007): Infant ... Read this Article
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